英语写作必备例句第951页

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The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental.

第二点更有意思，也更重要。

Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep.

前些年，美国一位精神病学者发表了一篇报告，报告中记录了眼球在睡眠时的活动情况。

He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements,

他指出，平常人的睡眠周期中不时伴有一阵阵奇怪的眼球队活动，

some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid.

这些活动有的飘忽而缓慢，有的急剧而快速。

People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming.

在眼球活动期间被叫醒的人都说自己在做梦；

When woken at other times they reported no dreams.

在其他期间叫醒他们，则说没有做梦。

If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end,

如果有两组人，一组人连续几夜在眼球队活动时被叫醒；

and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye-movements,

另一组人也是连续几夜被叫醒，但是在眼球队没活动时被叫醒的。

the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected.

结果，第一组人开始出现性格失常，而第二组人似乎没受什么影响。

The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.

睡眠受到干忧没关系，而做梦受到干忧是有问题的。

How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery.

蛇是怎样产生毒液的，这是一个谜。

Over the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.

蛇的唾液本来和我们人的消化液一样柔和，但经过漫长的时间，演变成了今天仍无法分析清楚的毒液。

It was not forced upon them by the survival competition; they could have caught and lived on prey without using poison, just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes still do.

毒液不是生存竞争强加给它们的，它们也可以不用毒液捕捉动物而生存，就像今天成千上万的无毒蛇那样。

Poison to a snake is merely a luxury; it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite.

毒液对毒蛇来说只不过是一种舒适生存的优越手段，它使蛇不用费多大力气就能捕获到食物，轻咬一口即可。

And why only snakes? Cats, for instance, would be greatly helped; no running fights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits -- just a bite and no more effort needed.

为什么只有蛇才有毒液呢？譬如说，如果猫有毒液，那对猫会大有帮助，它就不必再和又大又凶的老鼠边跑边博斗了，也不必再和大兔子扭斗了，只要咬一口，就不必再费大力气。

In fact, it would be an assistance to all carnivores though it would be a two-edged weapon when they fought each other.

因此，任何食肉动物有了毒液，都能从中获益。

But, of the vertebrates, unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard).

不过，当它们相互撕打时，毒液就成了利弊参半的武，可以杀死对方，也可以被对方的毒液杀死。

One wonders also why Nature, with some snakes, concocted poison of such extreme potency.

然而，在脊椎动物中，大自然神秘模测地只选择了蛇（还有一种蜥蜴），人们弄不清楚大自然为什么在某些蛇的身上调制出如此高效的毒液来。

In the conversion of saliva into poison, one might suppose that a fixed process took place.

人们可能认为，唾液转变成毒液，其中有固定的程序。

It did not;

其实没有。

some snakes manufacture a poison different in every respect from that of others,

有些蛇产生的毒液也在各方面与另外一些毒蛇产生的毒液不同，

as different as arsenic is from strychnine,

就像砒霜不同于马钱子碱一样。

and having different effects. One poison acts on the nerves, the other on the blood.

不同毒蛇产生的毒液产生的效果不同，一种毒液作用于神经，另一种毒液作用于血液。

The makers of the nerve poison include the mambas and the cobras and their venom is called neurotoxic.

产生神经毒液的蛇有一种非洲树眼镜蛇和眼镜蛇，它们的毒液称为神经毒素。

Vipers (adders) and rattlesnakes manufacture the blood poison, which is known as haemolytic.

蝰蛇（蝮蛇）和响尾蛇产生血液毒素，称为溶血性毒液。

Both poisons are unpleasant, but by far the more unpleasant is the blood poison.

这两种毒液都很可怕，但溶血性毒液尤其厉害。

It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a newer product from an improved formula.

据说，神经毒液在两种毒液中是较为原始的一种，而溶血性毒液，打个比方说，是根据改良配方生产的一种较新的产品。

Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.

不过，神经毒辣液比溶血性毒液在人身上起作用快得多。

This, however, means nothing.

但是，这没有什么关系，

Snakes did not acquire their poison for use against man but for use against prey such as rats and mice, and the effects on these of viperine poison is almost immediate.

因为蛇有毒液不是用来对付人的，而是对付它的猎物，诸如鼠类，毒液对这些猎物会立刻起作用。

英语写作必备例句 第951页

英语写作必备例句第951页